This past summer, Brenda Reynolds Cert. Indian Social Work ’86, BISW ’87 was awarded the United Nations Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Prize at UN headquarters in New York. Awarded every five years since 2015, the prize is given to a female and male laureate for their services to humanity, and who exemplify Mandela’s commitment to reconciliation and social transformation. A selection committee representing five member nations—South Africa, Bahrain, Poland, Egypt, Saint Kitts and Nevis and Finland—received hundreds of nominations from 66 member states.
“It’s the biggest compliment I have ever received,” Reynolds says. “I have admired Nelson Mandela’s work and what he did for his country. There are so many parallels, and to hear from the committee members that my nomination consistently made it through the decision-making process, was absolutely heart-warming.
Reynolds is the first Canadian and the first Indigenous person to receive the Prize, awarded to her for her development of the Indian Residential School Health Support Programme in 2006 and for her work with Canada’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
Advocate in the making
Reynolds grew up on her grandparents’ farm on Fishing Lake First Nation. She attended school in Wadena, fifteen minutes away. She remembers the buses that came in late summer each year to pick up children from Fishing Lake and how the community went into mourning afterward. One of only a few Indigenous kids at her school, Reynolds advocated for an after-school sports program in Wadena for kids from the reserve and was elected to student council in high school.
“I remember presenting in Grade 10 social studies about where I lived. I described the farm, the chickens and the big garden, similar to what people had in Wadena. The teacher said, ‘Brenda, that isn’t true’. I said, ‘What do you mean that isn’t true? The cows are the same cows. Our wheat on the reserve is no different than the wheat in the grainfields I see going home on the bus.’ She goes, ‘But you live on a reserve.’ That was when I started learning about how differently Indigenous people are treated by non-Indigenous people.”
It wasn’t until Reynolds was a young social worker in Saskatoon, running a play-therapy after-school program at an inner-city school, that she learned about residential schools. “Every single child in my after-school program was living with an Indian Residential School Survivor,” Reynolds says. “That was the first time I knew about them.”
Reynolds negotiated a contract to provide counselling at Gordon’s Residential School, where children from Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Manitoba attended. Across Canada, 150,000 children attended residential schools and many did not return home.
“I never attended residential school, so it was a real emotional awakening,” she says.
At Gordon’s, the students’ shirt collars were numbered, the food was processed and within Reynolds’ first and only year of work at the school, in 1988, 17 young women shared with her their experiences of abuse at the hands of a staff member. “Gordon’s was the worst residential school in Canada in terms of abuse,” Reynolds says.
After moving to Alberta, Reynolds worked with various levels of government before starting her own consulting service in mental health. She was asked to develop a health support program as part of the Indian Residential Settlement Agreement of 2006, which addressed the harms of residential school, and to this day, is Canada’s largest class-action lawsuit settlement.
“Because we were talking about 150 years of trauma at the time, we couldn’t rely on a conventional, Western model of health support, “Reynolds says. “We had to do things differently and to support the workers who would experience vicarious trauma exposure.”
Reynolds says there wasn’t a model to follow, so she based the program as best she could in healthy ways of dealing with trauma. “I knew that we had to include cultural interventions because in our Indigenous ways, we do have ways of managing mental health. We have the same principles as the Western way, but they are more congruent to the culture.”
The health support program is funded to this day and includes cultural and emotional supports, mental health counselling and transportation for residential school survivors and their family members.
‘We’re still here, Columbus’
Reynolds was asked by Murray Sinclair, the Chair of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission, to develop a similar program with cultural supports for the TRC’s national events and hearings. The TRC held events were held across Canada from 2010 to 2014 and gathered statements from residential school survivors about their experiences. Since then, Reynolds has consulted with the United Nations, the state of Vermont and the European Union on psycho-social supports for their reconciliation initiatives. “I’ve helped so many others in different sectors who are still unravelling what the experiences are of residential schools,” Reynolds says.
The reality of being a UN Nelson Mandela Prize Laureate hasn’t sunk in. “When I found out in May, I cried and cried and cried for ten days,” she says. “I just do the work. I always say I’m a helper. I help people try to understand what their traumas are. I’ve spent my whole career understanding the trauma caused by residential schools and I’ve come to understand it as cultural genocide. And it continues to this day. The government tried with residential schools, day schools and now it’s the child welfare system, which has more kids in care now than the residential school system ever did.”
In New York, the day before the award ceremony Reynolds met and spoke with a group of Indigenous youth from the United States who were advocating for better mental health supports. “It was such a great experience because here are these kids who are trying to change their lives by understanding their own mental health,” she says. “It felt full-circle because my career started with kids in Saskatoon and at Gordon’s.”
Before the award ceremony, Reynolds invited the youth to join her in a pipe ceremony in Central Park, close to Columbus Circle, a traffic circle and intersection with a monument to Christopher Columbus, built in 1892, at the height of the residential school system in Canada. Later, the youth danced in their regalia out in front of headquarters to honour her.
“It was so good. Like, ‘We’re still here!’” she laughs. “The dancing was so incredible. It will always be very, very, special to me.” Reynolds gave a speech at the ceremony and met the UN Secretary General. Some of her children and grandchildren were there to celebrate the day with her. “Standing at the same podium where so many world leaders have stood and talked about hope and change, that was really amazing.” she says.
Still work to do.
Looking back over her career, Reynolds has seen positive change because of how Indigenous peoples are talking openly about what happened to them. But she says there is still a long way to go. Racism and discrimination are ongoing, and attitudes still need to change. “The trauma we experience from racism and discrimination is systemic; we face it on a daily basis. It has implications for how we receive services, whether it’s education, healthcare and social services. We have to change attitudes and accept people for who we are.”
Hope, for Reynolds, lies in nurturing acceptance within families and communities, recognizing that Indigenous people love their kids and want to raise their kids. It also means recognizing how children encounter difference. “On a playground, most kids are going to play with each other regardless of what colour they are,” she says. “That’s how I met my first friend at school, a little Swedish girl, and we’re still friends to this day. I didn't even know any English then. I spoke Saulteaux and yet we were friends. We played.”
Reynolds continues to consult and is a PhD candidate at California Southern University studying cultural interventions for cultural genocide. “There’s a lot of work that still needs to be done,” she says. “That’s what keeps me motivated.”
A recent headshot of Brett and Krista, taken by Krista DeVaul.
[post_title] => If Music Be the Food of Love, Play on: An Interview with Krista Cornish Scott, BMus'97 (Distinction) and Dr. Brett Scott, MMus'96
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